Raws li ib qho ntawm cov cuab yeej ntsuas kub tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, cov thermocouples tau siv dav hauv kev tsim khoom, kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb, kev sim kuaj thiab lwm yam haujlwm. Thermocouple hom sib txawv raws li cov khoom siv thiab cov qauv, txhua tus muaj cov yam ntxwv ua tau zoo, ua rau lawv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyiam los ntawm cov neeg siv khoom lag luam txawv teb chaws rau lawv cov qauv yooj yim, kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov thiab kev ntsuas kub ntau. Kab lus no yuav piav qhia txog keeb kwm, 10 hom kev ntsuas tus lej thiab cov ntsiab lus ua haujlwm thermocouple, pab cov neeg siv khoom thoob ntiaj teb kom nkag siab txog qhov ntsuas kub tseem ceeb no.
Keeb kwm ntawm Thermocouple|Thermocouple Keeb Kwm
Kev tsim thiab kev loj hlob ntawm thermocouples yog ze ze rau qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm cov nyhuv thermoelectric. Thaum ntxov li 1821, tus German physicist TJ Seebeck thawj zaug nrhiav tau cov nyhuv thermoelectric, uas nteg lub theoretical foundation rau yug ntawm thermocouples. Xyoo 1826, Fab Kis tus kws kho mob AC Becquerel tau siv cov txiaj ntsig no los ntsuas qhov ntsuas kub thiab tsim cov thermocouple tus pas ntsuas kub uas yooj yim tshaj plaws, kos lub npe ntawm cov thermocouples rau hauv daim ntawv thov.
Txog tam sim no, thermocouples muaj keeb kwm ntau dua 180 xyoo. Tom qab kev txhim kho tas mus li thiab kev ua kom zoo dua qub, kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov thermocouple tau raug txhim kho tas li, thiab lawv tau maj mam dhau los ua qhov ntsuas kub ntsuas hauv ntau qhov kev lag luam, muab cov ntaub ntawv ntsuas kub zoo rau kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb thiab kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb.
10 Hom Thermocouple Index Numbers|Cov Hom Thermocouple
Tus lej ntsuas ntawm lub thermocouple yog tus lej uas sawv cev rau nws cov khoom muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab ntsuas qhov ntsuas kub, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev lag luam txawv teb chaws thiab kev sib piv ntawm daim ntawv thov. Raws li cov qauv kev lag luam thoob ntiaj teb thiab cov qauv kev lag luam, muaj 10 tus lej ntsuas tus lej sib txawv, suav nrog ntau hom thermocouple kom tau raws li cov kev xav tau sib txawv, uas tau muab faib ua pawg hauv qab no:
Standardized thermocouples (7 hom): Txij li thaum xyoo 1985, Tuam Tshoj tau teev 7 tus qauv ntsuas tus lej ntsuas tus lej (K, E, J, T, S, R, B) raws li IPTS-68 International Practical Temperature Scale, uas tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam thiab pej xeem kev lag luam thiab tau sib xws nrog cov khoom siv thoob ntiaj teb.
Ntxiv cov txheej txheem thermocouple (1 hom): Txij li xyoo 1997, raws li ITS-90 International Practical Temperature Scale thiab IEC 584-95 International Standard, N- hom thermocouple tau ntxiv, uas muaj qhov kub thiab txias stability thiab kev ua haujlwm oxidation zoo dua, thiab tsim nyog rau kev lag luam ntau dua.
Tungsten-rhenium thermocouples (2 hom): tungsten-rhenium thermocouples tau nkag mus rau hauv daim ntawv thov hauv xyoo 1990s thiab tam sim no siv cov qauv kev lag luam, nrog ob qhov ntsuas tus lej C thiab D. Lawv muaj kev kub siab zoo heev -kub tsis kam thiab feem ntau yog siv rau hauv siab - qhov kub thiab txias xws li qhov ntsuas kub ntawm cov hlau, thiab qhov ntsuas kub. high-kub chaw kuaj mob.
Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias qhov ntsuas ntsuas sib txawv ntawm cov thermocouples (hom thermocouple sib txawv) muaj qhov ntsuas kub sib txawv, cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv thiab cov ntawv thov scenarios. Thaum yuav khoom thiab siv, cov neeg siv khoom yuav tsum xaiv tus lej ntsuas tsim nyog raws li lawv cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb, ua kom cov thermocouple ua haujlwm ruaj khov thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo.
Txoj Cai Ua Haujlwm ntawm Thermocouple|Thermocouple Txoj Cai Ua Haujlwm
Qhov ntsuas kub ntawm cov thermocouples yog ua raws li Seebeck effect (thermoelectric effect) pom nyob rau xyoo 1821. Nws cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm thermocouple ua haujlwm yog yooj yim thiab yooj yim to taub:
Lub thermocouple yog tsim los ntawm ob homogeneous conductors (tseem hu ua thermoelectrodes lossis ob lub xov hlau). Ib kawg ntawm ob lub conductors yog welded ua ke los tsim ib qho kev ntsuas kawg (tseem hu ua qhov kub kawg), thiab lwm qhov kawg yog txuas nrog lub galvanometer los tsim lub voj kaw. Thaum qhov ntsuas kub ntawm qhov ntsuas qhov kawg tsis sib haum nrog qhov ntsuas kub ntawm qhov siv kawg (tseem hu ua qhov txias kawg, piv txwv li, qhov kawg txuas nrog lub galvanometer), cov hluav taws xob tam sim no yuav raug tsim tawm hauv lub voj voog. Qhov tshwm sim no yog Seebeck nyhuv.
Lub zog electromotive (thermoelectromotive force) tsim nyob rau hauv lub voj voog thermocouple yog tsim los ntawm ob ntu: qhov kub thiab txias sib txawv electromotive quab yuam thiab tiv tauj electromotive quab yuam. Ntawm lawv, qhov sib cuag electromotive quab yuam yog me me thiab tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam rau qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas. Qhov loj ntawm lub thermoelectromotive quab yuam yog ncaj qha proportional rau qhov kub ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov ntsuas kawg thiab qhov kawg siv. Los ntawm kev ntsuas lub thermoelectromotive quab yuam, qhov ntsuas kub ntawm qhov ntsuas kawg tuaj yeem raug xam kom raug.
Nrog rau kev txhim kho txuas ntxiv ntawm kev lag luam thev naus laus zis, cov thermocouples tseem niaj hnub tsim kho tshiab hauv cov khoom siv, cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm, thiab lawv cov ntawv thov kuj tseem nthuav dav. Rau cov neeg siv khoom lag luam txawv teb chaws koom nrog cov khoom siv hauv kev lag luam, kev ntsuas thiab lwm yam kev lag luam, kev nkag siab txog kev paub txog cov thermocouples, suav nrog hom thermocouple thiab thermocouple txoj hauv kev ua haujlwm, yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau kev tsim khoom tsim nyog thiab siv tau zoo. Peb yuav txuas ntxiv tsom mus rau kev txhim kho cov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis thiab muab cov khoom zoo siab - cov khoom siv thermocouple zoo thiab kev txhawb nqa kev tshaj lij rau cov neeg siv khoom thoob ntiaj teb.